China’s newest nuclear-powered attack submarine sank earlier this year, a senior U.S. defense official said on Thursday, a potential embarrassment for Beijing as it seeks to expand its military capabilities.
China already has the largest navy in the world, with over 370 ships, and it has embarked on production of a new generation of nuclear-armed submarines.
Chinese nuclear-powered submarines – not the designed involved in the Wuhan incident – are seen in the South China Sea in 2018 and in 2023.
China’s newest nuclear submarine sank in dock, US officials confirm. Loss of vessel in May or June is setback to Chinese push for naval parity with US.
China’s efforts to achieve maritime military parity with the US have suffered a serious blow after its newest nuclear submarine sank in a dock, American officials have confirmed.
According to the latest China military power report from 2023, the PLA Navy operates six nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, six nuclear-powered attack submarines, and 48 diesel-powered attack submarines.
The US Navy has 53 fast attack submarines, 14 ballistic-missile submarines and four guided-missile submarines. The entire US submarine fleet is nuclear-powered.
The incident happened last May or June at the Wuchang shipyard near Wuhan – the same city where the Covid-19 pandemic is believed to have originated – and came to light, thanks to satellite imagery, despite efforts by the country’s communist authorities to stage a cover-up.
A US defence official told Reuters that the Zhou-class vessel – first of a new kind of Chinese submarines and distinctive for its X-shaped stern that aids manoeuvrability – is believed to have been next to a pier when it sank.
It is not known if there were any casualties – or if the submarine had any nuclear fuel onboard at the time, although experts have deemed that likely, according to the Wall Street Journal, which initially broke the story. The submarine was eventually salvaged but it is believed that it will take many months before it can be put to sea.
American officials say they have no indication that Chinese authorities have checked the water or nearby environment for radiation.
There has been no acknowledgment of the incident from the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), the official name for the Chinese armed forces.
The Journal reported that the first indication that something unusual had occurred came in the summer when Thomas Shugart, a senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security and a former US submarine officer, noted irregular activity of floating cranes – which he had seen on satellite images – on social media.
Shugart suggested that there may have been an accident involving a submarine but did not know that it was nuclear-powered.
“Can you imagine a US nuclear submarine sinking in San Diego and the government hushes it up and doesn’t tell anybody about it? I mean, holy cow!” Shugart said.
The unnamed US defence official told Reuters that the incident and the wall of silence shrouding it raised serious questions about the Chinese military’s competence and accountability.
“In addition to the obvious questions about training standards and equipment quality, the incident raises deeper questions about the PLA’s internal accountability and oversight of China’s defence industry – which has long been plagued by corruption,” he said. “It’s not surprising that the PLA navy would try to conceal.”
A Chinese embassy spokesperson in Washington said they had no information to provide. “We are not familiar with the situation you mentioned and currently have no information to provide,” the official told Reuters.
China’s war chest: Beijing’s ‘great wall of steel’ faces obstacles to military supremacy
As of 2022, China had six nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, six nuclear-powered attack submarines and 48 diesel-powered attack submarines, according to a Pentagon report on China’s military. That submarine force is expected to grow to 65 by 2025 and 80 by 2035, the US defence department has said.
The Pentagon report said the goal of developing the new submarines, along with surface ships and naval aircraft, is to counteract US moves to come to Taiwan’s aid in a conflict and establish “maritime superiority” in a string of islands stretching from the Japanese archipelago to the South China Sea.
“The sinking of a new nuclear sub that was produced at a new yard will slow China’s plans to grow its nuclear submarine fleet,” Brent Sadler, a senior research fellow at the Heritage Foundation thinktank, told the Journal. “This is significant.”
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